• JPEG: a file format that compresses at the moment of capture, is the most common image file format
• HEIF: are smaller than JPEG’s yet offer similar or even increased quality. they take up less space than JPEG’s yet loot equally good
• TIFF:  a file format that can be smoothly be converted to JPEG’s. they aren’t compressed which bring out the image as high quality
• RAW:  stores all the info originally captured by the camera, are very large and take up significant space
• DNG: was created to offer a standard RAW file format for an alternative RAW format. these files are specific to cameras and manufacturers
• PNG: are relatively small and relatively high quality. these are useful for loading images faster. PNG’s offer a total transparency which is very useful for logos
• GIF: this file format allows animation and they only allow 256 colors, GIF’s are useful for images with a limited color palette
• BMP: BMP’s saves data for each individual pixel without compression, this file format is good for printing.
• PSD: this file is used by Adobe Photoshop to save data. it allows you to store edits using individual layers rather than on the image itself.

1. Lenses are what’s important for cameras
2. wide angle lenses give an expensive view
3. wide angles are used for landscapes
4. standard lenses are for landscapes and portrait photos
5. standard lenses are usually used by beginners
6. telephoto lenses get you close to a subject without approaching them
7.  telephoto lenses compress distance which makes everything appear closer
8. telephoto lenses can be used for shooting the sun or moon
9. specialty lenses are lenses like macro lenses and tilt shift lenses.
10. pick the right lens for the job
11. learn what lenses are best to shoot with
12. wide angle lenses are 10mm to 35mm
13. standard lenses are 35mm to 85mm
14. telephoto lenses are 85mm to 30mm

Bob Vick is one of those teachers who brings humor and sarcasm into the classroom in a way that makes learning history feel like an adventure. His quick wit and dry humor keep us on our toes, turning even the most mundane historical facts into something to laugh about. Whether he’s cracking jokes about ancient civilizations or giving us exaggerated “historical reenactments,” his sarcastic remarks always manage to break up the seriousness of the subject. His ability to make us laugh while still learning is a rare skill, and it makes history much more engaging.

But beyond the jokes and sarcasm, M. Vick is truly a master at teaching history. His deep knowledge of the subject is evident in every lesson, and he knows exactly how to explain complex historical events in a way that’s both clear and interesting. He has this talent for making the past feel relevant to today’s world, often drawing connections between historical events and current affairs. Despite his humor and laid-back approach, his passion for history shines through, making it easy for students to appreciate the significance of what they’re learning.

I really feel moved looking at the work of Aaron Siskind. The eerie yet simple ideals in the picture is what makes all photos feel the same and different in one. When admiring the work of this photographer I sense peace.

1. A head and power pack kit consists of the flash head and a small power pack that acts as the generator that supplies energy to the flash head.
2. The flash head contains flash tubes that emit light once supplied with high voltages.
3. wide reflectors produce a larger pool of light
4. narrow reflectors produce smaller pools of light and a harsher light quality.
5. the most common types of light modifiers are umbrellas and soft boxes.
6. The difference between reflecting umbrellas and soft boxes is that the spread of light with a soft box is more contained.
7. Snoots and conical shaped tools that narrow the distribution of light
8. barn doors are flaps surrounding a strobe that can be opened or closed to control the light and prevent it from spilling.
9. A flag is any kind of opaque object placed in the way of light to better direct it, to prevent lens flare or to prevent it from spilling.
10. There are two main types of light stands: lightweight stands and C- stands